The miR-24 microRNA precursor is a small

non-coding RNA A non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a functional RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. The DNA sequence from which a functional non-coding RNA is transcribed is often called an RNA gene. Abundant and functionally important types of non-c ...

molecule that regulates gene expression.

microRNA MicroRNA (miRNA) are small, single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules containing 21 to 23 nucleotides. Found in plants, animals and some viruses, miRNAs are involved in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. miRN ...

s are transcribed as ~70

nucleotide Nucleotides are organic molecules consisting of a nucleoside and a phosphate. They serve as monomeric units of the nucleic acid polymers – deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), both of which are essential biomolecules wi ...

precursors and subsequently processed by the

Dicer Dicer, also known as endoribonuclease Dicer or helicase with RNase motif, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the gene. Being part of the RNase III family, Dicer cleaves double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and pre-microRNA (pre-miRNA) into short d ...

enzyme to give a mature ~22 nucleotide product. In this case the mature sequence comes from the 3' arm of the precursor. The mature products are thought to have regulatory roles through complementarity to mRNA. miR-24 is conserved in various species, and is clustered with miR-23 and miR-27, on human chromosome 9 and 19. Recently, miR-24 has been shown to suppress expression of two crucial cell cycle control genes, E2F2 and Myc in hematopoietic differentiation and also to promote keratinocyte differentiation by repressing actin-cytoskeleton regulators

PAK4 Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''PAK4'' gene. PAK4 is one of six members of the PAK family of serine/threonine kinases which are divided into group I (PAK1, PAK2 and PAK3) and group II (PAK4, P ...

, Tsk5 and

ArhGAP19 Rho GTPase-activating protein 19 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''ARHGAP19'' gene In biology, the word gene (from , ; "... Wilhelm Johannsen coined the word gene to describe the Mendelian units of heredity..." meaning ''gene ...

Targets of miR-24

* Lal ''et al.'' suggested that miR-24 suppresses the tumor suppressor

p16 p16 (also known as p16INK4a, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, CDKN2A, multiple tumor suppressor 1 and numerous other synonyms), is a protein that slows cell division by slowing the progression of the cell cycle from the G1 phase to the S p ...

(INK4a). * Lal ''et al.'' reported that mi-24 inhibits cell proliferation by targeting E2F2, MYC via binding to "seedless" 3'UTR microRNA recognition elements. * Amelio I. ''et al.'' suggest that miR-24 regulates keratinocyte differentiation, controlling actin-cytoskeleton dynamics via

, Tsk5 and

repression. * Wang ''et al.'' have shown that miR-24 reduces the mRNA and protein levels of human ALK4 by targeting the 3'-untranslated region of mRNA. * Mishra ''et al.'' suggest that miR-24 targets the

DHFR Dihydrofolate reductase, or DHFR, is an enzyme that reduces dihydrofolic acid to tetrahydrofolic acid, using NADPH as an electron donor, which can be converted to the kinds of tetrahydrofolate cofactors used in 1-carbon transfer chemistry. In ...

gene. * miR-24-1, also known as miR-189, targets

SLITRK1 SLITRK1 ("SLIT and NTRK-like family, member 1") is a human gene that codes for a transmembrane and signalling protein that is part of the SLITRK gene family, which is responsible for synapse regulation and presynaptic differentiation in the brain ...

References

External links

*
miRBase family MIPF0000041
MicroRNA MicroRNA precursor families {{molecular-cell-biology-stub